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The vibrant ten-block district known as the Golden
Triangle, at the heart of downtown PITTSBURGH ,
stands at the confluence of the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio
rivers, once bitterly fought over as the gateway to the West.
The French built Fort Duquesne on the site in 1754, only for it
to be destroyed four years later by the British, who replaced
it with Fort Pitt . Industry began with the development
of iron foundries in the early 1800s, and by the time of the Civil
War, Pittsburgh was producing half of the iron and one third of
the glass in the US. Soon after, the city became the world's leading
producer of steel, thanks to the vigorous expansion programs of
Andrew Carnegie , who, by 1870, was the richest man in
the world. Present-day Pittsburgh is dotted with his cultural
bequests, along with those of other wealthy forefathers including
the Mellon bankers, the Frick coal merchants and the Heinz food
producers.
Though saddled with a Victorian reputation for dirt
and pollution, the city experienced a transformation after the
1950s. A face-lift involved large-scale demolition of abandoned
steel mills, which freed up much of the downtown waterfront, but
all-out yuppification has been kept in check by the student population
and the small-town feel of the older ethnic neighborhoods to the
north and south. Pittsburgh today is one of America's most attractive
and most liveable cities; resilience and enthusiasm rather than
coal fumes fill the air, and sleek architecture and green parks
supplant smokestacks and slums. The popular Andy Warhol
Museum , opened in 1994, has bolstered Pittsburgh's image
as a destination city, while an enormous new Convention
Center will bring in major conferences, which is sure
to add to the influx of visitors.
Each of Pittsburgh's close-knit neighborhoods -
the South Side and Mount Washington
, across the Monongahela River from the Golden Triangle
, the North Side across the Allegheny River,
and Oakland , the university area in the east
- attests in its own way to the city's history and its resurgence.
Easily accessible from each other, they retain individual identities
while remaining part of a proud whole.
